B.Tech
Electronics & Communication Engineering
V- Semester
5EC1 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION: Continuous time and discrete time systems, Properties of
systems. Linear time invariant systems - continuous time and discrete time. Properties
of LTI systems and their block diagrams. Convolution, Discrete time systems described
by difference equations.
UNIT 2: FOURIER SERIES REPRESENTATION OF SIGNALS: Fourier series
representation of continuous periodic signal & its properties, Fourier series
representation of Discrete periodic signal & its properties, Continuous time filters &
Discrete time filters described by Diff. equation.
UNIT 3: FOURIER TRANSFORM: The continuous time Fourier transform for periodic
and aperiodic signals, Properties of CTFT. Discrete time Fourier transform for periodic
and aperiodic signals. Properties of DTFT. The convolution and modulation property.
UNIT 4: Z-TRANSFORM & LAPLACE TRANSFORM: Introduction. The region of
convergence for the Z-transform. The Inverse Z-transform. Two dimensional Ztransform.
Properties of Z transform. Laplace transform, Properties of Laplace
Transform, Application of Laplace transform to system analysis.
UNIT 5: SAMPLING: Mathematical theory of sampling. Sampling theorem. Ideal & Real
sampling. Interpolation technique for the reconstruction of a signal from its samples.
Aliasing. Sampling in freq. domain. Sampling of discrete time signals.
BOOKS
• Principles Of Linear Systems And Signals, 2e (Intl. Version), Lathi 2nd, Oxford
• Signal & Systems 3e, Chen 3rd, Oxford
• Fundamentals Of Signals And Systems, Wiley
• Signals And Systems, P Rao, TMH
• Signals And Systems: A Simplified Approach, Ganesh Rao, 4e, Pearson
• Signals And Systems: Continuous And Discrete, Roger E Ziemer, 4e, PHI
• Signals And Systems, Ravi Kumar, PHI
5EC2 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
UNIT 1: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS: Basic differential amplifier analysis, Single
ended and double ended configurations, Op-amp configurations with feedback, Op-amp
parameters, Inverting and Non-Inverting configuration, Comparators, Adder.
UNIT 2: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS:
Integrator, Differentiator, Voltage to frequency & Frequency to voltage converters.
Oscillators: Phase shift, Wien bridge, Quadrature, square wave, triangular wave,
sawtooth oscillators. Voltage controlled oscillators.
UNIT 3: ACTIVE FILTERS: Low pass, high pass, band pass and band reject filters, All
pass filter, Switched capacitor filter, Butterworth filter design, Chebyshev Filter design.
UNIT 4: PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS: Operating Principles of PLL, Linear Model of PLL,
Lock range, Capture range, Applications of PLL as FM detector, FSK demodulator, AM
detector, frequency translator, phase shifter, tracking filter, signal synchronizer and
frequency synthesizer, Building blocks of PLL, LM 565 PLL.
UNIT 5: LINEAR IC’s: Four quadrant multiplier & its applications, Basic blocks of linear
IC voltage regulators, Three terminal voltage regulators, Positive and negative voltage
regulators. The 555 timer as astable and monostable multivibrators. Zero crossing
detector, Schmitt trigger.
BOOKS
• Linear Circuits (Includes Cd), Ramakalyan-, Oxford
• Linear Circuit Analysis, Decarlo, Oxford
• Linear Integrated Circuits, Nair, Wiley
• Analysis And Design Of Analog Integrated Circuits, Gray, 5e, Wiley
• Analog Mos Integrated Circuits For Signal Processing-Gregorian, Gregorian, 1e, Wiley
• Linear Integrated Circuits, S Salivahanan, TMH
• Electronic Circuits: Discrete And Integrated, Donald Schilling, TMH
• Op-Amps And Linear Integrated Circuits, Gayakwad, Ramakant A, PHI
5EC3 TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
UNIT 1: TRANSMISSION LINE: Types of transmission lines, general transmission line
equation, line constant, equivalent circuits, infinite line, and reflection on a line, SWR of
line with different type of terminations. Distortion less and dissipation less lines, Coaxial
cables, Transmission lines at audio and radio frequencies, Losses in transmission line,.
Characteristics of quarter wave, half wave and lines of other lengths,
UNIT 2:TRANSMISSION LINE APPLICATIONS:Smith chart and its application.
Transmission line applications, Impedance matching Network. Single & double Stub
matching. Measurement of parameters of transmission line, measurement of
attenuation, insertion loss, reflection coefficient and standing wave ratio.
UNIT 3: ATTENUATORS & FILTERS: Elements of telephone transmission networks,
symmetrical and Asymmetrical two port networks. Different Attenuators, p-section & Tsection
attenuators, stub matching, Transmission equalizers Filters, constant K-section,
Ladder type, p-section, T-section filter, m-derived filter sections, Lattics filter section.
UNIT 4: TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION: Telephone set, Touch tone dial types, two
wire/ four wire transmission, Echo suppressors & cancellors, cross talk. Multi-channel
systems: Frequency division & time division multiplexing.
UNIT 5: AUTOMATIC TELEPHONY & TELEGRAPHY: Trunking concepts, Grade of
service, Traffic definitions, Introduction to switching networks, classification of switching
systems. Principle of Electronic Exchange, EPABX and SPC Digital telephone
Exchange, Numberig Plan, Fascimile services.
BOOKS
• Digital Telephony, Bellamy, Wiley
• Fields And Waves In Communication Electronics 3ed By Ramo, Wiley
5EC4 ANALOG COMMUNICATION
UNIT 1: NOISE EFFECTS IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Resistor noise, Networks
with reactive elements, Noise temperature, Noise bandwidth, effective input noise
temperature, Noise figure. Noise figure & equivalent noise temperature in cascaded
circuits.
UNIT 2: AMPLITUDE MODULATION: Frequency translation, Recovery of base band
signal, Spectrum & power relations in AM systems. Methods of generation &
demodulation of AM-DSB, AM-DSB/SC and AM-SSB signals. Modulation & detector
circuits for AM systems. AM transmitters & receivers.
UNIT 3: FREQUENCY MODULATION: Phase & freq. modulation & their relationship,
Spectrum & band width of a sinusoidally modulated FM signal, phasor diagram, Narrow
band & wide band FM. Generation & demodulation of FM signals. FM transmitters &
receivers.. Comparison of AM, FM & PM. Pre emphasis & deemphasis. Threshold in
FM, PLL demodulator.
UNIT 4: NOISE IN AM AND FM: Calculation of signal-to-noise ratio in SSB-SC, DSBSC,
DSB with carrier, Noise calculation of square law demodulator & envelope detector.
Calculation of S/N ratio in FM demodulators, Super heterodyne receivers.
UNIT 5: PULSE ANALOG MODULATION: Practical aspects of sampling: Natural and
flat top sampling. PAM, PWM, PPM modulation and demodulation methods, PAM-TDM.
BOOKS
• Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems, Lathi, Oxford
• Analog Communication, Chandrasekhar, Oxford
• An Introduction To Analog & Digital Communications-, Haykins, Wiley
• Digital And Analog Communication Systems-, Shanmugam, Wiley
• Communications Systems, 4ed-, Haykins, Wiley
• Principles Of Communication Systems, Herbert Taub, Donald Schilling, Goutam Saha-,
TMH
• Communication Systems, R Singh, S. Sapre, TMH
• Analog Communication, K. N. Hari Bhat, Pearson
• Digital & Analog Communication Systems, Leon W. Couch, Pearson
5EC5 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING-I
UNIT 1: WAVE GUIDES:Introduction of Microwaves and their applications. Rectangular
Waveguides, Solution of Wave equation in TE and TM modes. Power transmission and
Power losses. Excitation of modes in Rectangular waveguides, circular waveguides:
Basic idea of TE and TM modes, field patterns, TEM mode of propagation.
UNIT 2: WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS: Scattering matrix representation of networks.
Rectangular cavity and circular cavity resonators. Waveguide Tees, Magic Tees. Hybrid
rings. Waveguide corners, Bends and twists. Directional couplers, Circulators and
isolators.
UNIT 3: KLYSTRONS: Limitation of conventional vacuum tubes, Construction and
operation of two cavity & multicavity klystrons. Velocity modulation and electron
bunching (analytical treatment), Applegate diagram and applications of two cavity
klystrons. Construction, working and operation of Reflex klystron. Applications and
practical considerations. Velocity modulation, power output and frequency
characteristics of a Reflex klystron. Electron admittance.
UNIT 4: TRAVELLING WAVE TUBES (TWT): Construction, operation and practical
consideration of helix type TWT. Introduction to CW power, pulsed dual mode TWT.
Coupled cavity TWT. Applications of TWT.
UNIT 5: MAGNETRON: Types of Magnetron. Construction, operation, analysis and
practical consideration of cavity or travelling wave magnetron. Introduction to coaxial,
frequency angle and voltage tunable magnetrons. Backward cross field oscillator,
Forward wave cross field amplifier.
BOOKS
• Foundations For Microwave Engineering – R.E. Collin, R.E. Collin, Wiley
• Microwave Engineering By, Pozar, Wiley
• Microwave Engineering, Annapurna Das, Sisir Das, TMH
• Microwave Devices And Circuits, 3, Samuel Y. Liao, Pearson
• Microwave Devices And Circuit Design, Ganesh Prasad Srivastava, Vijay Laxmi Gupta,
PHI
• Microwave Semiconductor Devices, Roy Mitra, PHI
5EC6.1 BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
UNIT 1: HUMAN BODY SUBSYSTEMS: Brief description of neural, muscular,
cardiovascular and respiratory systems; their electrical, mechanical and chemical
activities.
TRANSDUCERS AND ELECTRODES: Principles and classification of transducers for
Bio-medical applications, Electrode theory, different types of electrodes, Selection
criteria for transducers and electrodes.
UNIT 2: BIOPOTENTIALS: Electrical activity of excitable cells, ENG, EMG, ECG, ERG,
EEG. Neuron potential.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS: Measurement of blood pressure,
blood flow, cardiac output, cardiac rate, heart sounds, Electrocardiograph,
phonocardiograph, Plethysmograph, Echocardiograph.
UNIT 3: INSTRUMENTATION FOR CLINICAL LABORATORY: Measurement of pH
valve of blood, ESR measurement, hemoglobin measurement, O2 and CO2
concentration in blood, GSR measurement.Instrumentation for clinical laboratory:
Spectrophotometry, chromatography, Hematology, Measurement of pH value,
concentration in blood.
MEDICAL IMAGING: Diagnostic X-rays, CAT, MRI, thermography, Ultrasonography,
medical use of isotopes, endoscopy.
UNIT 4: PATIENT CARE, MONITORING AND SAFETY MEASURES: Elements of
Intensive care monitoring basic hospital systems and components, physiological effect
of electric current shock hazards from electrical equipment, safety measures, Standards
& practices.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND BIOTELEMETRY: Real time computer
applications, data acquisition and processing, remote data recording and management.
UNIT 5: THERAPEUTIC AND PROSTHETIC DEVICES: Introduction to cardiac
pacemakers, defibrillators, ventilators, muscle stimulators, diathermy, heart lung
machine, Hemodialysis, Applications of Laser.
BOOKS
• Medical Instrumentation: Application And Design, 3ed-, Webster, Wiley
• Biomedical Signal Processing, D Reddy, TMH
• Electronics In Medicine And Biomedical Instrumentation, PHI
5EC6.2 ADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES
UNIT 1 : ADVANCED TREES - Definitions and operations on weight balanced trees
(Huffman trees), 2-3 trees and Red-Black trees. Augmenting Red-Black trees to
dynamic order statistics and interval tree applications. Operations on disjoint sets and
its Union-Find problem. Implementing sets, discitionerics, priority queues and
concatenable queues using 2-3 trees.
UNIT 2 : MERGEABLE HEAPS - Mergeable Heap operations, binomial trees,
implementing binomial heaps and its operations. 2-3-4- trees and 2-3-4 heaps.
Structure and potential function of Fibonacci heap. Implementing Fibonacci Heap.
UNIT 3 : GRAPH THEORY DEFINITIONS - Definitions of Isomorphism, Components,
Circuits, Fundamental Circuits, Cut-sets, Cut-Vertices, Planer and dual graphs,
Spanning trees, Kuratovski’s two graphs.
UNIT 4 : GRAPH THEORETIC ALGORETHMS - Algorithms for connectedness, finding
all spanning trees in a weighted graph and planarity testing. Breadth first and depth first
search, topological sort, strongly connected components and, articulation point.
UNIT 5 : APPLICATION OF GRAPHS- Single source shortest path and all pair shortest
path algorithms. Min-Cut Max-Flow theorem of network flows, Ford-Fulkerson Max Flow
algorithms.
Books
• “ Data Structures using C” by A.M. Tanenbaum.
• “The C Programming Language” by Kerninghan.
• “An introduction to data structures with applications: by Trembly and Sorenson.
• “Fundamentals of Data structures” by Horowitz and Sahani.
5EC6.3 COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL & STATISTICAL METHODS
UNIT 1 : MATRIX COMPUTATION: Algebra of matrix, Inverse of a matrix, Rank of a
matrix, Matrix inversion by Gauss elimination, Computer programs for matrix inversion.
UNIT 2 : SOLUTION OF LINEAR EQUATIONS: Cramer’s rule, Gauss elimination,
Gauss Jordan elimination and Gauss Seidal iterative method and their implementation
in C.
UNIT 3 : SOLUTION OF NON-LINEAR EQUATIONS: Interval bisection method,
Secant method, Regula- Falsi method, Curve fitting, Method of least squares and their
implementation in C.
UNIT 4 : SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: Euler’s method, Modified
Euler’s method, Runge Kutta method of fourth order, Solution of partial differential
equation with special reference to heat equation, Laplace equation and wave equation
Milne’s and their implementation in C.
UNIT 5 : STATISTICAL METHODS: Curve fitting methods – method of least squares,
fitting a straight line, parabola. Correlation and Linear regression.
Books
• Numerical methods for Scientific and Engineering Computation by M.K.Jain,
S.R.K.Iyengar, R.K. Jain.
• Elementary Numerical Analysis by Samuel D.Conte and Cart de Boor, McGraw Hill
International Edition.
• Numerical methods for Science and Engineering, PHI by R.G.Stanton
• Computer based numerical algorithms by E.V. Krishnamoorthy
• Introduction to Numerical Analysis by E. Atkinson
5EC7 ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DESIGN LAB
To design the following circuits, assemble these on bread board and test them.
Simulation of these circuits with the help of appropriate software.
1. Op-Amp characteristics and get data for input bias current, measure the output-offset voltage and
reduce it to zero and calculate slew rate.
2. Op-Amp in inverting and non-inverting modes.
3. Op-Amp as scalar, summer and voltage follower.
4. Op-Amp as differentiator and integrator.
5. Design LPF and HPF using Op-Amp 741
6. Design Band Pass and Band reject Active filters using Op-Amp 741.
7. Design Oscillators using Op-Amp (i) RC phase shift (ii) Hartley (iii) Colpitts
8. Design (i) Astable (ii) Monostable multivibrators using IC-555 timer
9. Design Triangular & square wave generator using 555 timer.
10. Design Amplifier (for given gain) using Bipolar Junction Transistor.
5EC8 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING LAB
1. Study of various microwave components and instruments like frequency meter, attenuator, detector &
VSWR meter.
2. Draw V-I characteristics of microwave source like Gunn diode/ Reflex Klystron.
3. Measurement of frequency and wavelength in a rectangular waveguide.
4. Measurement of VSWR (small as well as large values) & reflection coefficient.
5. Measure an unknown impedance with smith chart.
6. Draw the following characteristics of Gunn Diode
(i) Output power and frequency as a function of voltage
(ii) Square wave modulation by PIN diode.
7. Drawing polar pattern of Horn antenna.
8. To observe the action of directional coupler and its use in separating incident & reflected wave.
9. Study of Magic Tee, Circulator, isolator
10. Study of spectrum analyzer & its use in observing the response of
(i) High frequency amplifier
(ii) Low pass, high pass, band pass, band reject filters.
5EC9 COMMUNICATION LAB-I
1. Harmonic analysis of a square wave of a modulated wave form.
2. Observe the Amplitude modulated wave form & measure modulation index. Demodulation of AM
signal.
3. Generation & Demodulation of DSB – SC signal.
4. Modulate a sinusoidal signal with high frequency carrier to obtain FM signal. Demodulation of the FM
signal.
5. To observe the following in a transmission line demonstrator kit :
(a) The propagation of pulse in non reflecting transmission line.
(b) The effect of losses in transmission line.
(c) Transmission with standing waves on a Transmission line.
(d) The resonance characteristics of a half-wave length long X-mission line.
6. (a) To observe the operation of sampling and sample & hold circuits.
(b) To study the effect of sampling time (sampling pulse width).
(c) To study the effects of changing the sampling frequency & observing aliasing phenomena.
7. To study & observe the operation of a super heterodyne receiver.
8. To study & observe the amplitude response of automatic gain controller (AGC ).
9, 10. PAM, PWM & PPM: Modulation and demodulation.
5EC10 – SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB-I
Simulation in MATLAB Environment:
1. Generation of continuous and discrete elementary signals (periodic and non-periodic) using
mathematical expression.
2. Generation of Continuous and Discrete Unit Step Signal.
3. Generation of Exponential and Ramp signals in Continuous & Discrete domain.
4. Continuous and discrete time Convolution (using basic definition).
5. Adding and subtracting two given signals. (Continuous as well as Discrete signals)
6. To generate uniform random numbers between (0, 1).
7. To generate a random binary wave.
8. To generate random sequences with arbitrary distributions, means and variances for following :
(a) Rayleigh distribution
(b) Normal distributions: N(0,1).
(c) Gaussion distributions: N (mx, σx2)
9. To plot the probability density functions. Find mean and variance for the above distributions
Shri Akash Bhai
Electronics & Communication Engineering
V- Semester
5EC1 SIGNALS AND SYSTEMS
UNIT 1: INTRODUCTION: Continuous time and discrete time systems, Properties of
systems. Linear time invariant systems - continuous time and discrete time. Properties
of LTI systems and their block diagrams. Convolution, Discrete time systems described
by difference equations.
UNIT 2: FOURIER SERIES REPRESENTATION OF SIGNALS: Fourier series
representation of continuous periodic signal & its properties, Fourier series
representation of Discrete periodic signal & its properties, Continuous time filters &
Discrete time filters described by Diff. equation.
UNIT 3: FOURIER TRANSFORM: The continuous time Fourier transform for periodic
and aperiodic signals, Properties of CTFT. Discrete time Fourier transform for periodic
and aperiodic signals. Properties of DTFT. The convolution and modulation property.
UNIT 4: Z-TRANSFORM & LAPLACE TRANSFORM: Introduction. The region of
convergence for the Z-transform. The Inverse Z-transform. Two dimensional Ztransform.
Properties of Z transform. Laplace transform, Properties of Laplace
Transform, Application of Laplace transform to system analysis.
UNIT 5: SAMPLING: Mathematical theory of sampling. Sampling theorem. Ideal & Real
sampling. Interpolation technique for the reconstruction of a signal from its samples.
Aliasing. Sampling in freq. domain. Sampling of discrete time signals.
BOOKS
• Principles Of Linear Systems And Signals, 2e (Intl. Version), Lathi 2nd, Oxford
• Signal & Systems 3e, Chen 3rd, Oxford
• Fundamentals Of Signals And Systems, Wiley
• Signals And Systems, P Rao, TMH
• Signals And Systems: A Simplified Approach, Ganesh Rao, 4e, Pearson
• Signals And Systems: Continuous And Discrete, Roger E Ziemer, 4e, PHI
• Signals And Systems, Ravi Kumar, PHI
5EC2 LINEAR INTEGRATED CIRCUITS
UNIT 1: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIERS: Basic differential amplifier analysis, Single
ended and double ended configurations, Op-amp configurations with feedback, Op-amp
parameters, Inverting and Non-Inverting configuration, Comparators, Adder.
UNIT 2: OPERATIONAL AMPLIFIER APPLICATIONS:
Integrator, Differentiator, Voltage to frequency & Frequency to voltage converters.
Oscillators: Phase shift, Wien bridge, Quadrature, square wave, triangular wave,
sawtooth oscillators. Voltage controlled oscillators.
UNIT 3: ACTIVE FILTERS: Low pass, high pass, band pass and band reject filters, All
pass filter, Switched capacitor filter, Butterworth filter design, Chebyshev Filter design.
UNIT 4: PHASE-LOCKED LOOPS: Operating Principles of PLL, Linear Model of PLL,
Lock range, Capture range, Applications of PLL as FM detector, FSK demodulator, AM
detector, frequency translator, phase shifter, tracking filter, signal synchronizer and
frequency synthesizer, Building blocks of PLL, LM 565 PLL.
UNIT 5: LINEAR IC’s: Four quadrant multiplier & its applications, Basic blocks of linear
IC voltage regulators, Three terminal voltage regulators, Positive and negative voltage
regulators. The 555 timer as astable and monostable multivibrators. Zero crossing
detector, Schmitt trigger.
BOOKS
• Linear Circuits (Includes Cd), Ramakalyan-, Oxford
• Linear Circuit Analysis, Decarlo, Oxford
• Linear Integrated Circuits, Nair, Wiley
• Analysis And Design Of Analog Integrated Circuits, Gray, 5e, Wiley
• Analog Mos Integrated Circuits For Signal Processing-Gregorian, Gregorian, 1e, Wiley
• Linear Integrated Circuits, S Salivahanan, TMH
• Electronic Circuits: Discrete And Integrated, Donald Schilling, TMH
• Op-Amps And Linear Integrated Circuits, Gayakwad, Ramakant A, PHI
5EC3 TELECOMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
UNIT 1: TRANSMISSION LINE: Types of transmission lines, general transmission line
equation, line constant, equivalent circuits, infinite line, and reflection on a line, SWR of
line with different type of terminations. Distortion less and dissipation less lines, Coaxial
cables, Transmission lines at audio and radio frequencies, Losses in transmission line,.
Characteristics of quarter wave, half wave and lines of other lengths,
UNIT 2:TRANSMISSION LINE APPLICATIONS:Smith chart and its application.
Transmission line applications, Impedance matching Network. Single & double Stub
matching. Measurement of parameters of transmission line, measurement of
attenuation, insertion loss, reflection coefficient and standing wave ratio.
UNIT 3: ATTENUATORS & FILTERS: Elements of telephone transmission networks,
symmetrical and Asymmetrical two port networks. Different Attenuators, p-section & Tsection
attenuators, stub matching, Transmission equalizers Filters, constant K-section,
Ladder type, p-section, T-section filter, m-derived filter sections, Lattics filter section.
UNIT 4: TELEPHONE TRANSMISSION: Telephone set, Touch tone dial types, two
wire/ four wire transmission, Echo suppressors & cancellors, cross talk. Multi-channel
systems: Frequency division & time division multiplexing.
UNIT 5: AUTOMATIC TELEPHONY & TELEGRAPHY: Trunking concepts, Grade of
service, Traffic definitions, Introduction to switching networks, classification of switching
systems. Principle of Electronic Exchange, EPABX and SPC Digital telephone
Exchange, Numberig Plan, Fascimile services.
BOOKS
• Digital Telephony, Bellamy, Wiley
• Fields And Waves In Communication Electronics 3ed By Ramo, Wiley
5EC4 ANALOG COMMUNICATION
UNIT 1: NOISE EFFECTS IN COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS: Resistor noise, Networks
with reactive elements, Noise temperature, Noise bandwidth, effective input noise
temperature, Noise figure. Noise figure & equivalent noise temperature in cascaded
circuits.
UNIT 2: AMPLITUDE MODULATION: Frequency translation, Recovery of base band
signal, Spectrum & power relations in AM systems. Methods of generation &
demodulation of AM-DSB, AM-DSB/SC and AM-SSB signals. Modulation & detector
circuits for AM systems. AM transmitters & receivers.
UNIT 3: FREQUENCY MODULATION: Phase & freq. modulation & their relationship,
Spectrum & band width of a sinusoidally modulated FM signal, phasor diagram, Narrow
band & wide band FM. Generation & demodulation of FM signals. FM transmitters &
receivers.. Comparison of AM, FM & PM. Pre emphasis & deemphasis. Threshold in
FM, PLL demodulator.
UNIT 4: NOISE IN AM AND FM: Calculation of signal-to-noise ratio in SSB-SC, DSBSC,
DSB with carrier, Noise calculation of square law demodulator & envelope detector.
Calculation of S/N ratio in FM demodulators, Super heterodyne receivers.
UNIT 5: PULSE ANALOG MODULATION: Practical aspects of sampling: Natural and
flat top sampling. PAM, PWM, PPM modulation and demodulation methods, PAM-TDM.
BOOKS
• Modern Digital & Analog Communication Systems, Lathi, Oxford
• Analog Communication, Chandrasekhar, Oxford
• An Introduction To Analog & Digital Communications-, Haykins, Wiley
• Digital And Analog Communication Systems-, Shanmugam, Wiley
• Communications Systems, 4ed-, Haykins, Wiley
• Principles Of Communication Systems, Herbert Taub, Donald Schilling, Goutam Saha-,
TMH
• Communication Systems, R Singh, S. Sapre, TMH
• Analog Communication, K. N. Hari Bhat, Pearson
• Digital & Analog Communication Systems, Leon W. Couch, Pearson
5EC5 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING-I
UNIT 1: WAVE GUIDES:Introduction of Microwaves and their applications. Rectangular
Waveguides, Solution of Wave equation in TE and TM modes. Power transmission and
Power losses. Excitation of modes in Rectangular waveguides, circular waveguides:
Basic idea of TE and TM modes, field patterns, TEM mode of propagation.
UNIT 2: WAVEGUIDE COMPONENTS: Scattering matrix representation of networks.
Rectangular cavity and circular cavity resonators. Waveguide Tees, Magic Tees. Hybrid
rings. Waveguide corners, Bends and twists. Directional couplers, Circulators and
isolators.
UNIT 3: KLYSTRONS: Limitation of conventional vacuum tubes, Construction and
operation of two cavity & multicavity klystrons. Velocity modulation and electron
bunching (analytical treatment), Applegate diagram and applications of two cavity
klystrons. Construction, working and operation of Reflex klystron. Applications and
practical considerations. Velocity modulation, power output and frequency
characteristics of a Reflex klystron. Electron admittance.
UNIT 4: TRAVELLING WAVE TUBES (TWT): Construction, operation and practical
consideration of helix type TWT. Introduction to CW power, pulsed dual mode TWT.
Coupled cavity TWT. Applications of TWT.
UNIT 5: MAGNETRON: Types of Magnetron. Construction, operation, analysis and
practical consideration of cavity or travelling wave magnetron. Introduction to coaxial,
frequency angle and voltage tunable magnetrons. Backward cross field oscillator,
Forward wave cross field amplifier.
BOOKS
• Foundations For Microwave Engineering – R.E. Collin, R.E. Collin, Wiley
• Microwave Engineering By, Pozar, Wiley
• Microwave Engineering, Annapurna Das, Sisir Das, TMH
• Microwave Devices And Circuits, 3, Samuel Y. Liao, Pearson
• Microwave Devices And Circuit Design, Ganesh Prasad Srivastava, Vijay Laxmi Gupta,
PHI
• Microwave Semiconductor Devices, Roy Mitra, PHI
5EC6.1 BIOMEDICAL INSTRUMENTATION
UNIT 1: HUMAN BODY SUBSYSTEMS: Brief description of neural, muscular,
cardiovascular and respiratory systems; their electrical, mechanical and chemical
activities.
TRANSDUCERS AND ELECTRODES: Principles and classification of transducers for
Bio-medical applications, Electrode theory, different types of electrodes, Selection
criteria for transducers and electrodes.
UNIT 2: BIOPOTENTIALS: Electrical activity of excitable cells, ENG, EMG, ECG, ERG,
EEG. Neuron potential.
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM MEASUREMENTS: Measurement of blood pressure,
blood flow, cardiac output, cardiac rate, heart sounds, Electrocardiograph,
phonocardiograph, Plethysmograph, Echocardiograph.
UNIT 3: INSTRUMENTATION FOR CLINICAL LABORATORY: Measurement of pH
valve of blood, ESR measurement, hemoglobin measurement, O2 and CO2
concentration in blood, GSR measurement.Instrumentation for clinical laboratory:
Spectrophotometry, chromatography, Hematology, Measurement of pH value,
concentration in blood.
MEDICAL IMAGING: Diagnostic X-rays, CAT, MRI, thermography, Ultrasonography,
medical use of isotopes, endoscopy.
UNIT 4: PATIENT CARE, MONITORING AND SAFETY MEASURES: Elements of
Intensive care monitoring basic hospital systems and components, physiological effect
of electric current shock hazards from electrical equipment, safety measures, Standards
& practices.
COMPUTER APPLICATIONS AND BIOTELEMETRY: Real time computer
applications, data acquisition and processing, remote data recording and management.
UNIT 5: THERAPEUTIC AND PROSTHETIC DEVICES: Introduction to cardiac
pacemakers, defibrillators, ventilators, muscle stimulators, diathermy, heart lung
machine, Hemodialysis, Applications of Laser.
BOOKS
• Medical Instrumentation: Application And Design, 3ed-, Webster, Wiley
• Biomedical Signal Processing, D Reddy, TMH
• Electronics In Medicine And Biomedical Instrumentation, PHI
5EC6.2 ADVANCED DATA STRUCTURES
UNIT 1 : ADVANCED TREES - Definitions and operations on weight balanced trees
(Huffman trees), 2-3 trees and Red-Black trees. Augmenting Red-Black trees to
dynamic order statistics and interval tree applications. Operations on disjoint sets and
its Union-Find problem. Implementing sets, discitionerics, priority queues and
concatenable queues using 2-3 trees.
UNIT 2 : MERGEABLE HEAPS - Mergeable Heap operations, binomial trees,
implementing binomial heaps and its operations. 2-3-4- trees and 2-3-4 heaps.
Structure and potential function of Fibonacci heap. Implementing Fibonacci Heap.
UNIT 3 : GRAPH THEORY DEFINITIONS - Definitions of Isomorphism, Components,
Circuits, Fundamental Circuits, Cut-sets, Cut-Vertices, Planer and dual graphs,
Spanning trees, Kuratovski’s two graphs.
UNIT 4 : GRAPH THEORETIC ALGORETHMS - Algorithms for connectedness, finding
all spanning trees in a weighted graph and planarity testing. Breadth first and depth first
search, topological sort, strongly connected components and, articulation point.
UNIT 5 : APPLICATION OF GRAPHS- Single source shortest path and all pair shortest
path algorithms. Min-Cut Max-Flow theorem of network flows, Ford-Fulkerson Max Flow
algorithms.
Books
• “ Data Structures using C” by A.M. Tanenbaum.
• “The C Programming Language” by Kerninghan.
• “An introduction to data structures with applications: by Trembly and Sorenson.
• “Fundamentals of Data structures” by Horowitz and Sahani.
5EC6.3 COMPUTER ORIENTED NUMERICAL & STATISTICAL METHODS
UNIT 1 : MATRIX COMPUTATION: Algebra of matrix, Inverse of a matrix, Rank of a
matrix, Matrix inversion by Gauss elimination, Computer programs for matrix inversion.
UNIT 2 : SOLUTION OF LINEAR EQUATIONS: Cramer’s rule, Gauss elimination,
Gauss Jordan elimination and Gauss Seidal iterative method and their implementation
in C.
UNIT 3 : SOLUTION OF NON-LINEAR EQUATIONS: Interval bisection method,
Secant method, Regula- Falsi method, Curve fitting, Method of least squares and their
implementation in C.
UNIT 4 : SOLUTION OF DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS: Euler’s method, Modified
Euler’s method, Runge Kutta method of fourth order, Solution of partial differential
equation with special reference to heat equation, Laplace equation and wave equation
Milne’s and their implementation in C.
UNIT 5 : STATISTICAL METHODS: Curve fitting methods – method of least squares,
fitting a straight line, parabola. Correlation and Linear regression.
Books
• Numerical methods for Scientific and Engineering Computation by M.K.Jain,
S.R.K.Iyengar, R.K. Jain.
• Elementary Numerical Analysis by Samuel D.Conte and Cart de Boor, McGraw Hill
International Edition.
• Numerical methods for Science and Engineering, PHI by R.G.Stanton
• Computer based numerical algorithms by E.V. Krishnamoorthy
• Introduction to Numerical Analysis by E. Atkinson
5EC7 ELECTRONIC ENGINEERING DESIGN LAB
To design the following circuits, assemble these on bread board and test them.
Simulation of these circuits with the help of appropriate software.
1. Op-Amp characteristics and get data for input bias current, measure the output-offset voltage and
reduce it to zero and calculate slew rate.
2. Op-Amp in inverting and non-inverting modes.
3. Op-Amp as scalar, summer and voltage follower.
4. Op-Amp as differentiator and integrator.
5. Design LPF and HPF using Op-Amp 741
6. Design Band Pass and Band reject Active filters using Op-Amp 741.
7. Design Oscillators using Op-Amp (i) RC phase shift (ii) Hartley (iii) Colpitts
8. Design (i) Astable (ii) Monostable multivibrators using IC-555 timer
9. Design Triangular & square wave generator using 555 timer.
10. Design Amplifier (for given gain) using Bipolar Junction Transistor.
5EC8 MICROWAVE ENGINEERING LAB
1. Study of various microwave components and instruments like frequency meter, attenuator, detector &
VSWR meter.
2. Draw V-I characteristics of microwave source like Gunn diode/ Reflex Klystron.
3. Measurement of frequency and wavelength in a rectangular waveguide.
4. Measurement of VSWR (small as well as large values) & reflection coefficient.
5. Measure an unknown impedance with smith chart.
6. Draw the following characteristics of Gunn Diode
(i) Output power and frequency as a function of voltage
(ii) Square wave modulation by PIN diode.
7. Drawing polar pattern of Horn antenna.
8. To observe the action of directional coupler and its use in separating incident & reflected wave.
9. Study of Magic Tee, Circulator, isolator
10. Study of spectrum analyzer & its use in observing the response of
(i) High frequency amplifier
(ii) Low pass, high pass, band pass, band reject filters.
5EC9 COMMUNICATION LAB-I
1. Harmonic analysis of a square wave of a modulated wave form.
2. Observe the Amplitude modulated wave form & measure modulation index. Demodulation of AM
signal.
3. Generation & Demodulation of DSB – SC signal.
4. Modulate a sinusoidal signal with high frequency carrier to obtain FM signal. Demodulation of the FM
signal.
5. To observe the following in a transmission line demonstrator kit :
(a) The propagation of pulse in non reflecting transmission line.
(b) The effect of losses in transmission line.
(c) Transmission with standing waves on a Transmission line.
(d) The resonance characteristics of a half-wave length long X-mission line.
6. (a) To observe the operation of sampling and sample & hold circuits.
(b) To study the effect of sampling time (sampling pulse width).
(c) To study the effects of changing the sampling frequency & observing aliasing phenomena.
7. To study & observe the operation of a super heterodyne receiver.
8. To study & observe the amplitude response of automatic gain controller (AGC ).
9, 10. PAM, PWM & PPM: Modulation and demodulation.
5EC10 – SIGNAL PROCESSING LAB-I
Simulation in MATLAB Environment:
1. Generation of continuous and discrete elementary signals (periodic and non-periodic) using
mathematical expression.
2. Generation of Continuous and Discrete Unit Step Signal.
3. Generation of Exponential and Ramp signals in Continuous & Discrete domain.
4. Continuous and discrete time Convolution (using basic definition).
5. Adding and subtracting two given signals. (Continuous as well as Discrete signals)
6. To generate uniform random numbers between (0, 1).
7. To generate a random binary wave.
8. To generate random sequences with arbitrary distributions, means and variances for following :
(a) Rayleigh distribution
(b) Normal distributions: N(0,1).
(c) Gaussion distributions: N (mx, σx2)
9. To plot the probability density functions. Find mean and variance for the above distributions
Shri Akash Bhai
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